Foreclosure takes place when you fall behind on your house payments; foreclosure laws and procedures are quite complex and can vary from state to state. There are two types of foreclosure lawsuits: judicial foreclosure and non-judicial foreclosure. In judicial foreclosures, the lender has to go to court in order to get the foreclosure process started, which often takes several months. With non-judicial foreclosures, the right to foreclose and sell the property lies with the trustee (a 3rd party) and do not go through court.
Typical judicial foreclosures proceed as follows:
- You become behind in your mortgage payments
- The lender sends a notice of intent to begin foreclosure (at this point, you have the option to make up missed payments, with interest, and avoid a lawsuit)
- The lender files a lawsuit
- The lender provides you with notice of the lawsuit
- You are given an opportunity to respond (usually between 15 and 30 days)
- The lender sends out a notice of intent to sell
- The auction is held
- You are either permitted to stay or you get evicted
Loan Modification
A common alternative to foreclosure is loan modification. A loan modification is a permanent restructuring of a mortgage in which at least one of the terms of the loan agreement are changed in order to provide more affordable payments. These more affordable payments usually result from reducing the interest, converting from a variable interest rate to a fixed interest rate, or extending the length of the loan term. If you are considering filing for bankruptcy, our network of lawyers can assist you with that as well.
There are many different loan modification options, and it is beneficial to seek out the legal advice of an experienced attorney before making any decisions. To be eligible for loan modification:
- You must be able to show that you cannot make your current mortgage payments, due to financial hardship
- You must complete a trial period during which you demonstrate that you can afford the adjusted monthly payment
- You must provide all of the required documentation, including a financial statement, proof of income, most recent tax returns, bank statements, and a hardship letter.
Forbearance Agreements
Another alternative to foreclosure is what are called forbearance agreements. Forbearance agreements are a form of short-term relief, in which the lender agrees to reduce or suspend payments for a certain period of time while not initiating a foreclosure. A loan modification agreement is a permanent solution, whereas forbearance agreements are temporary. Therefore, at the end of the forbearance period, you must resume full, regular mortgage payments and also additional fees (such as interest) that were acquired during the forbearance period.
If your missed mortgage payments are directly due to a temporary hardship, you may be able to acquire a repayment plan to spread out the past due balance over a certain number of months. During such a repayment period, a portion of the amount that is overdue is added on to each of your regular mortgage payments. At the end of your repayment period, regular mortgage payments resume.
Facing a potential foreclosure is a stressful situation and it is best to consider all possible options, such as loan modifications and forbearance agreements, before making a final decision. An attorney experienced in foreclosure legal services can be invaluable in assisting you in achieving the best possible outcome.
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